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Mise-en-scène -



Mise-en-scène is everything that appears in the framing – actors, lighting, décor, props and costume .The frame and camerawork are also considered part of the mise-en-scène in a film.

In some circumstances, the mise-en- scène is designed to evoke emotions that are carried the whole movie. For example,  'The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari' (1920) utalizes, distorted shapes and claustrophoc scenery to disturb the audience and enhance the element of  horror.

Set Design

The set design refers to the decor of the the set, the furniture, props, and the set itself. The director must think carefully about how these elements can  bear significance in a deeper level, whilst  also using these factors to emphasize themes or create  meanings and provoking thoughts.

In 'Rear Window' (1954), a large photograph is placed in the living room which offers an exposition on the accident that made L.B. Jeffries handicap.


In this example from 'Marie Antoinette' (2006), the ornate decoration evokes the ideology of 17th century France and the castle of Versailles. The baroque detailing overwhelms the character, which helps to convey the charchters despair.  The actress’s position in the frame, in  relation to the objects suggests that as a pawn in the dynastic enterprise, Marie Antoinette is considered as little more than a footstool.



Lighting

Lighting is one of the most powerful elements of film because it has the greatest power to evoke emotional responses from audiences
High-key lighting is usually used in romantic comedies and musicals, because it helps to encompass an even lighting pattern and avoids dark areas in the frame. Everything looks bright with little or no shadow at all. Low-key lighting is most often found in horror movies and thrillers, as it helps to create a comprising pattern of light that has both bright and dark areas in the frame.

Orson Welles was one  of the most noted artists for their use of low-key lighting in films.He extensivelyused lowkey lighting tecgniques  throughout his film noir 'Touch of Evil ',

Costume

The obvious purpose of a costume is to dress an actor according to his or her character; lawyers wear suits, nurses wear scrubs and a drifter might wear worn out shoes, a ragged shirt, and ilfitting pants.
However costume is more important than that because it can also be used to establish someone’s status and class, or to establish a theme in a film.




In 'My Fair Lady', changes in costume are extremely important  in signifying  Eliza Doolittle‘s transformation from a ragged street urchin to polished social queen. Before, she is dressed in rags with a dirty face, however after receiving etiquette training she is dressed elegantly in order to signify her acceptance into the upper class.







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